10 February 2009

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Ecommerce (e-commerce) or electronic commerce is the purchasing, selling, and exchanging of goods and services over computer networks through which transactions or terms of sale are performed electronically. Contrary to popular belief, ecommerce is not just on the Web. In fact, ecommerce was alive and well in business to business transactions before the Web back in the 70s via EDI through VANs. In this new industrial environment E-commerce became an important factor of modern business development. In this dynamic era e-commerce can be broken into four main categories: B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C.A brief look into each;
* B2B (Business-to-Business)
Companies doing business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable.
* B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
Businesses selling to the general public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software.
* C2B (Consumer-to-Business)
A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours companies review the consumer’s requirements and bid on the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that will complete the project.

* C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)

There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease.

There are some more forms emerging out of the above mentioned categories; Companies using internal networks to offer their employees products and services online–not necessarily online on the Web–are engaging in B2E (Business-to-Employee) ecommerce. G2G (Government-to-Government), G2E (Government-to-Employee), G2B (Government-to-Business), B2G (Business-to-Government), G2C (Government-to-Citizen), C2G (Citizen-to-Government) are other forms of ecommerce that involve transactions with the government–from procurement to filing taxes to business registrations to renewing licenses. Perhaps the clearest indication of the growing importance of e-commerce in the global economy is the rapidity with which Internet use has grown and spread during the last decade.

The boom in e-commerce also includes increased use of other media for trade, such as the telephone, television, fax, and electronic payment. Because e-commerce became such an integral part of the global economy, the WTO has begun to consider how it fits into the multilateral trade framework, and what rules or regulations should apply. At the Second Ministerial Conference in Geneva in 1998, WTO members wrote the Declaration on Global Electronic Commerce, which calls for the establishment of a work program “to examine all trade-related issues relating to global electronic commerce, taking into account the economic, financial, and development needs of developing countries. Because e-commerce cuts across many other key WTO issues such as services, and intellectual property rights, the WTO has appointed councils from each ‘cross-cutting’ issue to investigate the effect of e-commerce on global trade. These councils include the Council on Trade in Goods, the Council on Trade in Services, the Council on Trade-Related Intellectual Property, and the Committee on Trade and Development.

Role of Internet

Seven years into the new century, it is clear that the internet has become a mainstream activity. Today few big businesses can afford not to have an internet site to advertise and sell their wares. And it has become second nature for many people to check out products, prices and availability online before buying. From the point of view of the economy as a whole, the internet was dramatically lowering the cost of transactions, especially in the services sector.

With this ever rising usage pattern of internet around the world, it has become a driving force behind the increasing preference of e-commerce globally. With a very low investment; anyone can have a web page in Internet. This way, almost any business can reach a very large market, directly, fast and economically, no matter the size or its location of your business. With a very low investment almost anybody that can read and write can have access to the World Wide Web.

Also the history of ecommerce is unthinkable without Amazon and Ebay which were among the first Internet companies to allow electronic transactions. Thanks to their founders we now have a handsome ecommerce sector and enjoy the buying and selling advantages of the Worldwide Web.

Ecommerce also has a great deal of advantages over “brick and mortar” stores and mail order catalogs. Consumers can easily search through a large database of products and services. They can see actual prices, build an order over several days and email it as a “wish list” hoping that someone will pay for their selected goods. Customers can compare prices with a click of the mouse and buy the selected product at best prices.

In the US, retail sales on the internet are expected to reach $170bn in 2006, while forecasters suggest that Europe’s online market will overtake the US by 2010. China is growing even faster, and may have more internet users than the US by the end of the decade. The UK's largest supermarket, Tesco, is also the country’s largest online retailer, and the largest store in the US, Wal-Mart, now has one of the largest websites. While the internet may still seem revolutionary in increasing the range of available services, such as digital music downloads and voice over internet phone calls, it is also part of our daily routine.

Traditional ways of doing business
Traditionally, inter-business transactions begin with a buyer looking for inputs or a supplier seeking buyer s for its goods and services. Buyers and suppliers search for each other through advertising, trade shows, brokers, and dealers. Supplier sends out sales agents. Buyers then negotiate with potential sellers concerning product specifications and prices, and perhaps conclude a spot transaction or form a long-term contract. After the agreement has been reached, the transaction still involves ordering, billing, arrangements for transportation, confirmation of payments, and acceptance of delivery.

Doing business the e-commerce way

E-commerce innovations aim to reduce the cost t of procurement before, during and after the transaction. At every stage, e-commerce avoids the need to translate computer files into paper documents, a process that generally involves errors, delay and costly clerical personnel. E-commerce automates this process by mediating transactions through Web sites and electronic data interchange (EDI). Before the transaction, Internet technology may lower the cost of searching for suppliers or buyers and making price and product comparisons. Search costs can be significant relative to the value of the product, particularly f or small purchases.

During the transaction, e-commerce can reduce the cost of communicating with counterparts in other companies regarding transaction details. Transactions over computer networks avoid many of the associated costs of inter personal economic exchange, including the costs of travel, time s pent on communication, physical space for meetings, and processing paper documents.

After the transaction, electronic commerce allows companies to lower costs of communication, to monitor contractual performance, or to confirm delivery. In addition, companies can apply information generated by the transaction to update their inventory, production and accounting records by automatically linking their transactions to software used for managing all aspects of the firm including sales, purchasing and operations

Today the largest electronic commerce is Business-to-Business (B2B). Businesses involved in B2B sell their goods to other businesses. It was predicted that the revenues, up until 2006, will grow 40% to 50% yearly. Also a large growth in Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce, which is online businesses selling to individuals is also around the corner.

Recent facts

With the emergence of ecommerce business during the last decades, a number of ecommerce software development solution providers have been also grown. No one can imagine a successful ecommerce business without the assistance of a reliable ecommerce software development solution provider. Ecommerce service provider performs many useful jobs for your business, such as doing market research, getting traffic for your ecommerce storefront and online ordering system.

In 2006, e-commerce turnover hit US$12.8 trillion, taking up 18% in the global trade of commodities. Developed countries led by the U.S.A are still leading players in this field, while developing countries like China are emerging, becoming an important force in the global e-commerce market. In 2006, B2B e-commerce was still in the dominant position, and B2C, G2C, G2B, and C2C e-commerce achieved rapid development. On the whole, the industry shows the trend of diversification. Industry E-commerce led by large backbone enterprises is the main force of B2B.
Concerns

Beside all these advancement there are still some concerns in the Internet business/e-commerce. Regardless of any technologies that might be devised in the future perishable goods and high cost items will never lend to Internet business, as they are difficult to inspect from a remote location. It is very difficult to quantify the cost and benefits in the Internet business as a result of which return on investment is hard to calculate. With this strategic difficulty, the factors in relation to legal issues, taxes, are vague and not standardized in this field of Internet business and one big reason for this is the political structures of the world have not kept up with the Internet technology

1 comment:

  1. According to Shaun Rein, though the overall retail sales in China in 2009 would fall because of the financial turbulence, ecommerce is still going to boom. he said "We're expecting a 20 percent growth in 2009, and we think it's actually going to be one of the strongest sectors in China this year because of the financial crisis". http://www.infyecommercesolution.com/

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